https://www.complete.org/ Recent content in Index on www.complete.org Hugo -- gohugo.io en-US https://www.complete.org/5-minute-git-guide/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/5-minute-git-guide/ Welcome. This will be fast. This guide describes how you can contribute to software projects here using the Git version-control system. Git is a distributed VCS, so you do not need to be granted commit access in advance. You can hack, commit, and then send in your patches without permission from anyone. Step 1: Get Git These instructions assume you have git 1.5.1 or above. Debian or Ubuntu: apt-get install git-core git-email https://www.complete.org/adventures-hosting-my-site-on-gemini/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/adventures-hosting-my-site-on-gemini/ Updated: 2024-07-06 Well, I finally decided: it is time to host this site in Gemini. As noted in How this site is built, it is written in org-mode using org-roam, is part of the Small Web, and thus is a perfect fit….. right? I should begin with: I find Gemini to be really appealing. I can actually surf Geminispace as I did Gopherspace and the web decades ago. I don’t really surf the web anymore; I search the web for something specific, but the organic discovery of interesting corners is just lacking these days. https://www.complete.org/age-encryption/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/age-encryption/ Age is a public-key encryption system, similar in certain concepts to GnuPG (GPG), but simpler because it isn’t focused on building a web of trust. Homepage: https://github.com/FiloSottile/age Conveniently, Age can use not just its own keypairs, but also a person’s SSH keypairs for encryption and decryption. This is nice because many systems already have authenticated SSH keypairs for each other. Links to this note Easily Using SSH With FIDO2/U2F Hardware Security Keys A lot of new hardware security keys (Yubikey, Nitrokey, Titan, etc. https://www.complete.org/airgap/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/airgap/ “Airgap” refers to a computer (or network) that is physically disconnected from a larger network and the Internet. This word originated in the pre-wifi days, when there was literally air between machines; that is, no connecting communication cables. Nowadays, it also refers to a lack of radio (wifi or otherwise) communication. That is, it is complete physical isolation. Airgapped systems are often desirable in situations where Computer Security is important. For instance: https://www.complete.org/amateur-radio/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/amateur-radio/ Amateur radio is a radio service in which people are allowed and encouraged to build their own radios, antennas, and so forth. It can be used to communicate all around the globe without any intervening infrastructure such as satellites or cables. Information for other hams If you’re a ham looking me up, this is relevant information: My callsign is KR0L and my name is John Goerzen I was initially licensed as KD0MJT, which was used from July to October 2010 Some information about me, including my email address and interests. https://www.complete.org/amateur-radio-on-a-bicycle/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/amateur-radio-on-a-bicycle/ I was a bicyclist until about 2012, and was interested in using Amateur Radio on my bicycle. This page reflects the experience through then. My experience so far I participated in the MCC Flatlander bicycle ride in September 2010. For that ride, I had my VX-7R in the back pocket of my jersey, with its standard rubber duck antenna. I had the earpiece with PTT button hooked up to it. https://www.complete.org/amateur-radio-transceivers/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/amateur-radio-transceivers/ Here are some brief notes on ham radios. For some background information and what to do once you have your radio, see Getting Started With Amateur Radio. Your First Equipment It’s pretty easy to get your first equipment. The easiest device you could get is a handheld radio, also called a HT. It’s a self-contained unit, can often run off battery power, and has an integrated “rubber duckie” antenna. These can be found for under $300 on sites like gigaparts. https://www.complete.org/amtrak/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/amtrak/ Amtrak is the only cross-country passenger railroad in the United States. Outside a few regions, Amtrak is usually the only way to travel state-to-state by rail, and is the only regular option for cross-country travel by rail. Amtrak operates the trains, and mostly runs on tracks owned by freight railroads. Amtrak is a quasi-governmental corporation, created in 1971 when the passenger railroads at the time wanted to get out of the passenger business. https://www.complete.org/amtrak-accessibility/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/amtrak-accessibility/ This information is from 2008 but should be reasonably useful still. Most trains and stations are accessible to people with most any disability, but there are some tips to make your trip easier. Also, note that even if you have no disability per se but just have trouble walking around a large station or up and down stairs, some of this may apply to you as well. Making Your Reservation Generally, you should inform your travel agent or Amtrak agent of your disability at the time you make your reservation. https://www.complete.org/amtrak-faqs/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/amtrak-faqs/ General & First-Time Questions How much does it cost? Generally, I have found train travel to be competitive with iir, bus, or car travel. Of course, the specifics will vary depending on where you are going, when, and on what train. Check out the How to Travel by Amtrak page for information on getting fares online or by phone. Also, there are lots of discounts available. Where can I go? Amtrak has over 500 stations in 46 states. https://www.complete.org/amtrak-food-and-entertainment/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/amtrak-food-and-entertainment/ This information may be dated. Introduction There are, in general, two types of food available while on an Amtrak train: restaurant-style service in the dining car, and more fast-food fare in the snack or observation car. Short-distance trains typically will not have a dining car, while trains that operate overnight almost always will. Dining Car In general, you will find the dining car prices roughly similar to typical sit-down restaurants. The menu offers a number of choices, but due to the limitations of carrying food on the train, isn’t extensive. https://www.complete.org/amtrak-internet-resources/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/amtrak-internet-resources/ Note: this page was last updated in 2008. Some of these links are dated but the information they discuss is still online and discoverable via search. Amtrak Official Websites Amtrak homepage Amtrak reservation system Trip planning and background information from Amtrak En-route train status – on the Amtrak homepage Savings and specials index Amtrak Guest Rewards frequent traveler program. Amtrak Vacations - travel, hotel, and entertainment packages. Third-Party Information Sites Long-Distance Train Travel in the USA - this site https://www.complete.org/amtrak-luggage/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/amtrak-luggage/ This was last updated in 2008 and may be dated. In general, Amtrak’s policies for carry-on baggage are more permissive than airlines. In particular, while Amtrak does have a limit on the number of carry-on bags, items such as purses, briefcases, laptop bags, strollers, diaper bags, car seats, and medical equipment do not count towards the limit. Please see Amtrak’s full baggage information & policy before you travel. Links to this note Amtrak Sleeping Cars These are generally offered on trains that travel overnight (though you can of course use them during the day as well. https://www.complete.org/amtrak-north-east-corridor/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/amtrak-north-east-corridor/ The North-East Corridor (NEC) is a section of rail running from Boston to Washington, DC. Unlike most of the rest of the country, Amtrak itself owns and operates the tracks in the NEC. The NEC is electrified, and is home to the fastest trains in the country, such as the Acela. Besides Amtrak, quite a few other regional railroads use parts of the NEC track. See also the Northeast Corridor Wikipedia page. https://www.complete.org/amtrak-on-board-experience/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/amtrak-on-board-experience/ Let’s talk about what you can expect on the train. We’ll start with the layout of the train, and go on to describe different parts of it. Scroll down for more. The Train Itself Let’s start with the train itself. At the front of the train you’ll find one or more locomotives (engines) that power the train. In most of the country, the locomotives are diesel-electric, meaning they have diesel engines that generate electricity to power the motors that drive the train, as well as lights, outlets, and whatnot throughout the passenger areas. https://www.complete.org/amtrak-sleeping-cars/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/amtrak-sleeping-cars/ Sleeping Car Bedrooms These are generally offered on trains that travel overnight (though you can of course use them during the day as well.) Sleeping car accommodations are considered first-class service, and in addition to the room, you get several other amenities: free meals in the dining car (including everything – even desert – except alcoholic beverages), free morning paper each day, free coffee, free bottled beverages, and the ability to use Amtrak’s first-class waiting areas in major train stations. https://www.complete.org/amtrak-stations/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/amtrak-stations/ Introduction A train station is simply a point where you get on or off a train. Train stations take many forms. Some are magnificent, massive, and historic buildings; others are cozy small-town stations; and still others are nothing but a shack or a roof by the rails. Some stations have restaurants, shopping, rental cars, and taxi stands within their walls. Most are downtown in the cities they serve, meaning that having a layover on Amtrak can be fun rather than tedious as it often is with airports. https://www.complete.org/an-asynchronous-rsync-with-dar/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/an-asynchronous-rsync-with-dar/ In my writing about dar, I recently made that point that dar is a filesystem differ and patcher. We can exploit this property to do something really cool: build an Asynchronous rsync. What does that mean? rsync is a tool that has been in may *nix admins’ toolboxes for years. Typically used over ssh, rsync will compare the state of a local directory tree (or file) to the state of a remote tree, and efficiently make the remote match the local (or vice-versa). https://www.complete.org/android/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/android/ A mobile phone operating system based on the Linux kernel. You can do some interesting stuff on it with Termux. Links to this note Building an Asynchronous, Internet-Optional Instant Messaging System I loaded up this title with buzzwords. The basic idea is that IM systems shouldn’t have to only use the Internet. Why not let them be carried across LoRa radios, USB sticks, local Wifi networks, and yes, the Internet? I’ll first discuss how, and then why. https://www.complete.org/angel-flight/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/angel-flight/ Angel Flight is the name for a number of regional charities. They all operate in basically the same way: People that need transportation, usually to non-emergency medical care at a distance, contact Angel Flight. Angel flight matches them up with pilots. Pilots volunteer the use of their time and aircraft, and cover all the costs such as fuel, of the flights. Typical examples of transportation might be to specialist cancer care at distant facilities, taking children to specialist children’s hospitals, etc. https://www.complete.org/aprs/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/aprs/ The most widely-used form of Packet Radio, APRS lets stations transmit periodic position beacons, send messages, and other information and forms a self-organizing Mesh Network with the possibility of propagation by both radios and, less frequently, Internet. Links to this note The Joy of Easy Personal Radio: FRS, GMRS, and Motorola DLR/DTR Most of us carry cell phones with us almost everywhere we go. So much so that we often forget not just the usefulness, but even the joy, of having our own radios. https://www.complete.org/archives-and-mirrors/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/archives-and-mirrors/ I (John Goerzen) maintain a number of archives and mirrors, with a particular emphasis on material important to computing history. Mirrors https://kermit.mirrors.quux.org/ - Authorized mirror of the Kermit project https://nncp.mirrors.quux.org/ - Authorized mirror of the NNCP site, served with Let’s Encrypt TLS certificates http://gopher.quux.org:70/Archives - Archives and mirrors of several Internet history sites Archives The Kermit archives contain current and historic copies of Kermit software, going back decades, for both popular and obscure platforms. https://www.complete.org/asynchronous-communication/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/asynchronous-communication/ Asynchronous communication is communication between two endpoints that doesn’t have to happen in real time or near-real-time. Compared to synchronous communication, asynchronous communication lets you trade latency for reliability. Asynchronous communication is closely related to the concept of store-and-forward networking and delay/disruption-tolerant networking. In fact, most asynchronous implementations are also store-and-forward and delay-tolerant, so these terms are often used interchangably. Let’s examine the difference with synchronous communication, which we are probably more familiar with: https://www.complete.org/attention-economy/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/attention-economy/ Profiting from convincing (or, perhaps more accurately, “manipulating”) people to pay attention. Big Social Media sites like Facebook are part of the attention economy: you pay nothing to use the site. In fact, you are the product; they sell your attention to advertisers, and therefore design their product to maximize their profits by manipulating you to spend more time on the site. The attention economy is sometimes associated with: loss of free will loss of Privacy psychological harm algorithms that spread disinformation and foment discord . https://www.complete.org/aviation/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/aviation/ Things that forgot to fall. Links to this note Pilot Pilots are people that love Aviation so much that they decide it sounds like a lot of fun to take the controls of a flying tube! Young Eagles Young Eagles is a program run by the EAA that offers free airplane rides to children ages 8-17. The Pilots involved in the program donate their time and the use of their aircraft, as well as cover all costs of the flights. https://www.complete.org/backups/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/backups/ Keeping your data safe in the event of a disaster or compromise is important. That’s why we back up. Here is some information on backups: Backing up every few minutes with simplesnap on ZFS For hosting backups offsite, my 2021 Roundup of Unique Data/Storage Hosting Options can be useful. How and Why to use Airgapped Backups (see also Airgap) Links to this note Dar dar is a Backup and archiving tool. https://www.complete.org/building-an-asynchronous-internet-optional-instant-messaging-system/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/building-an-asynchronous-internet-optional-instant-messaging-system/ I loaded up this title with buzzwords. The basic idea is that IM systems shouldn’t have to only use the Internet. Why not let them be carried across LoRa radios, USB sticks, local Wifi networks, and yes, the Internet? I’ll first discuss how, and then why. How do set it up I’ve talked about most of the pieces here already: Delta Chat, which is an IM app that uses mail servers (SMTP and IMAP) as transport, and OpenPGP encryption for security. https://www.complete.org/central-kansas-packet-radio/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/central-kansas-packet-radio/ For an introduction, take a look at the Packet Radio and Kansas Amateur Radio pages. Major Nodes The major 24/7 nodes in the area run on 145.070MHz. They are: N0KTA Packet Radio Node (Mulvane/Wichita) Call: N0KTA Node: KSMLV (N0KTA) BBS: MLVBOX (N0KTA-1) Owner, maintainer, and sysop: Joe N0KTA Equipment: Kantronics KPC-3+ with PBBS, no PC. 50W @ 120ft Getting Involved The basic page at Packet Radio may help. Sedgwick Co. RACES has a helpful page on packet. https://www.complete.org/children-on-amtrak/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/children-on-amtrak/ While each child is different and some will not like train travel, the general consensus seems to be that among commercial air, car, and train travel, children do the best with the train. There are several reasons for this. For one, a train is much more spacious than an airplane or a bus (and certainly more spacious than a car or van). On most long-distance trains, you will find family-friendly movies playing in the evenings. https://www.complete.org/compressing-filespooler-jobs/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/compressing-filespooler-jobs/ Filespooler has a powerful concept called a decoder. A decoder is a special command that any Filespooler command that reads a queue needs to use to decode the files within the queue. This concept is a generic one that can support compression, encryption, cryptographic authentication, and so forth. Here I will introduce it as a concept for supporting compression with gzip. This page also functions as a tutorial for encoders and decoders. https://www.complete.org/computer-security/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/computer-security/ Keeping your (digital) bits secure. See also Airgap, Encrypted. My page Consider Security First discusses the importance of security in an operating system. (this page is a stub and will be improved) Links to this note Isolating Data from Your Own Processes With Linux Namespaces Back in my 2019 article “The Desktop Security Nightmare”, I noted that on most of our desktops, we don’t have good control of what data a program can access and when. https://www.complete.org/consider-security-first/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/consider-security-first/ I write this in the context of my decision to ditch Raspberry Pi OS and move everything I possibly can, including my Raspberry Pi devices, to Debian. I will write about that later. But for now, I wanted to comment on something I think is often overlooked and misunderstood by people considering distributions or operating systems: the huge importance of getting security updates in an automated and easy way. Background Let’s assume that these statements are true, which I think are well-supported by available evidence: https://www.complete.org/converting-an-existing-linux-installation-to-zfs/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/converting-an-existing-linux-installation-to-zfs/ This page may be dated. The basic procedure for converting an existing Linux installation to use ZFS on Linux is outlined here. These instructions are designed for Debian but may be adapted for other systems. If you use LVM, use /dev/mapper/* names with ZFS for best results. Planning This guide is for those familiar with Linux, ZFS, and how Linux boots. If this whole page looks daunting to you, please don’t attempt. https://www.complete.org/corey-doctorow/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/corey-doctorow/ Science fiction author, technologist, advocate for democratization of the Internet and society. Links to this note Attention Economy Profiting from convincing (or, perhaps more accurately, “manipulating”) people to pay attention. Big Social Media sites like Facebook are part of the attention economy: you pay nothing to use the site. In fact, you are the product; they sell your attention to advertisers, and therefore design their product to maximize their profits by manipulating you to spend more time on the site. https://www.complete.org/dar/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/dar/ dar is a Backup and archiving tool. You can think of it as as more modern tar. It supports both streaming and random-access modes, supports correct incrementals (unlike GNU tar’s incremental mode), Encryption, various forms of compression, even integrated rdiff deltas. It is an ideal tool for backups over Asynchronous Communication for systems that don’t or can’t run ZFS. Homepage: http://dar.linux.free.fr/ I have written a lot about Dar: I first wrote about Dar in my 2008 roundup of backup software. https://www.complete.org/dead-usb-drives-are-fine-building-a-reliable-sneakernet/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/dead-usb-drives-are-fine-building-a-reliable-sneakernet/ “OK,” you’re probably thinking. “John, you talk a lot about things like Gopher and personal radios, and now you want to talk about building a reliable network out of… USB drives?” Well, yes. In fact, I’ve already done it. What is sneakernet? Normally, “sneakernet” is a sort of tongue-in-cheek reference to using disconnected storage to transport data or messages. By “disconnect storage” I mean anything like CD-ROMs, hard drives, SD cards, USB drives, and so forth. https://www.complete.org/debian/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/debian/ Debian GNU/Linux is one of the oldest Linux distributions around. Some things that make it somewhat unique: Debian supports many architectures. Of course, the big names such as x86 and ARM (32- and 64-bit for both), but also lesser-known ones. Debian is completely self-organizing by volunteer developers. There is no corporate ownership. The organization that holds its assets, Software in the Public Interest, is also volunteer-controlled. Debian has a strong social contract which emphasizes things like remaining 100% Free Software. https://www.complete.org/digital-amateur-radio/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/digital-amateur-radio/ Note: This page is a bit dated and doesn’t reflect some newer modes like FT8, but what’s here should generally be correct. Introduction People can use Amateur Radio not just for voice communication, but also for digital communication. This happens all over the bands, from HF through UHF. On VHF and UHF, digital might be D-Star or Packet Radio, which are not discussed here. This page mainly discusses the keyboard-to-keyboard HF modes. https://www.complete.org/easily-accessing-all-your-stuff-with-a-zero-trust-mesh-vpn/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/easily-accessing-all-your-stuff-with-a-zero-trust-mesh-vpn/ Probably everyone is familiar with a regular VPN. The traditional use case is to connect to a corporate or home network from a remote location, and access services as if you were there. But these days, the notion of “corporate network” and “home network” are less based around physical location. For instance, a company may have no particular office at all, may have a number of offices plus a number of people working remotely, and so forth. https://www.complete.org/easily-using-ssh-with-fido2-u2f-hardware-security-keys/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/easily-using-ssh-with-fido2-u2f-hardware-security-keys/ A lot of new hardware security keys (Yubikey, Nitrokey, Titan, etc.) now support FIDO2 (aka U2F aka Webauthn aka Passkey; yes it’s a mess). So does OpenSSH. This spells good news for us, because it is far easier to use than previous hardware security types (eg, PKCS#11 and OpenPGP) with ssh. A key benefit of all this, if done correctly, is that it is actually impossible to access the raw SSH private key, and impossible to use it without the presence of the SK and a human touching it. https://www.complete.org/emacs/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/emacs/ Arguably the most successful platform whose code can be easily modified at runtime. Emacs presents this through the metaphor of a text editor, though the Emacs platform has been about more than that since pretty much its inception. Emacs as a platform hosts email readers, Usenet clients, web and Gopher browsers, games, terminal emulators, sftp clients, chat clients, and even a window manager. With org-mode, most of these (including the email clients) can be linked together with agendas, task lists, and personal notes to form an integrated tracking system. https://www.complete.org/email/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/email/ Email is one of the most common examples of Asynchronous Communication people are familiar with today. It is a store-and-forward approach which is tolerant of temporary disruptions to services and supports multiple hops. Email is also a distributed system, supporting many different servers and providers. However, market forces have caused Google and Microsoft to have an outsized influence on email, and their algorithms and policies make it increasingly difficult for independent mail servers to be interoperable with them. https://www.complete.org/encrypted/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/encrypted/ Encryption is a way to encode data so that people that might intercept it can’t decipher the original message (often called the “plaintext”). End-to-end encryption is the best, because there need be no trusted intermediary. Some software projects are always fully end-to-end encrypted. Examples include NNCP, Syncthing, Yggdrasil, and Gemini. For more on encryption, see: OpenPGP tools: GnuPG (GPG) Sequoia PGP Age (Encryption) signify (not encryption, but cryptographic authentication) Signal messenger Links to this note Easily Using SSH With FIDO2/U2F Hardware Security Keys A lot of new hardware security keys (Yubikey, Nitrokey, Titan, etc. https://www.complete.org/encrypting-filespooler-jobs-with-age/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/encrypting-filespooler-jobs-with-age/ Like the process described in Encrypting Filespooler Jobs with GPG, Filespooler can handle packets Encrypted with Age (Encryption). Age may be easier than GnuPG in a number of cases, particularly because it can use a person’s existing SSH keypairs for encryption. This process is fundamentally quite similar to handling encryption with GnuPG: we’ll be adding an encryption command in the pipe after prepare, and adding a decoder to the queue processing commands. https://www.complete.org/encrypting-filespooler-jobs-with-gpg/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/encrypting-filespooler-jobs-with-gpg/ Thanks to Filespooler’s support for decoders, data for filespooler can be Encrypted at rest and only decrypted when Filespooler needs to scan or process a queue. The Compressing Filespooler Jobs page gives an introduction to Filespooler’s decoder support, and should be read before proceeding here, since it illustrates the concepts we will use. This page discusses using Filespooler with GnuPG (GPG). Although often also done with GnuPG, Verifying Filespooler Job Integrity is a problem with some more unique nuances and is discussed on its own separate page. https://www.complete.org/fbb-packet-bbs/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/fbb-packet-bbs/ FBB is a Packet Radio BBS. This page has a bit of information about it. FBB Administrators / Sysops For people that maintain FBB. Documentation The main place for documentation is the file formats page under the documentation section of f6fbb.org. What they call init.srv is called /etc/ax25/fbb.conf on my system and has a more friendly but different format. Everything else is pretty much as documented. Initial Tips The first time you run fbb, it creates the config files. https://www.complete.org/fediverse/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/fediverse/ The loose, decentralized confederation of non-profit Social Media sites such as Mastodon, Pixelfed, and PeerTube. They all use ActivityPub for federation. Links to this note Recovering Our Lost Free Will Online: Tools and Techniques That Are Available Now This started out at a post on my blog. This edited version is intended to be kept more up-to-date. How to Join the Fediverse and Cast off the Attention Economy This started as a post on my blog. https://www.complete.org/feeding-filespooler-queues-from-other-queues/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/feeding-filespooler-queues-from-other-queues/ Sometimes with Filespooler, you may wish for your queue processing to effectively re-queue your jobs into other queues. Examples may be: Parallel processing Distributing jobs to various workers There are two approaches to this: Directly reusing the job file in the destination. To do this, you would hard link the job file into the destination queue’s jobs directory. See Parallel Processing of Filespooler Queues for an example of this approach. Alternatively, you could pipe data to fspl prepare | fspl queue-write as usual. https://www.complete.org/filespooler/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/filespooler/ What is Filespooler? Filespooler lets you request the remote execution of programs, including stdin and environment. It can use tools such as S3, Dropbox, Syncthing, NNCP, ssh, UUCP, USB drives, CDs, etc. as transport; basically, a filesystem is the network for Filespooler. Filespooler is particularly suited to distributed and Asynchronous Communication. Filespooler is a tool in the Unix tradition of “do one thing and do it well.” It is designed to integrate nicely with decoders (to handle compressed or Encrypted packets, for instance). https://www.complete.org/filespooler-append-only-queues/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/filespooler-append-only-queues/ Purpose of Append-Only Queues In the Using Filespooler over Syncthing example, we synced the entire b64queue directory. This is unnecessary. It would be better to sync only the jobs subdirectory of it, to prevent it looking like a valid queue for processing on the sender. Implications of Append-Only Queues The Filespooler Reference discusses append-only queues. An append-only queue will allow commands that append (fspl queue-write) and commands that inspect (for instance, fspl queue-ls) to succeed. https://www.complete.org/filespooler-in-cron-and-systemd/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/filespooler-in-cron-and-systemd/ Filespooler is designed to work well in automated situations, including when started from cron or systemd. It is a fairly standard program in that way. I’ll discuss a few thoughts here that may help you architect your system. Generally, the command you would schedule is fspl queue-process so that’s the assumption here. Output By default, Filespooler produces no output itself on success. The commands it executes may, and Filespooler may also when error conditions occur. https://www.complete.org/filespooler-reference/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/filespooler-reference/ The reference documentation for Filespooler is here: https://salsa.debian.org/jgoerzen/filespooler/-/blob/main/doc/fspl.1.md It includes: Summary of Filespooler Basic description of the on-disk format, queue, and job files Summary of encoding, decoding, and adding files to the queue Installation instructions Environment, exit code, and locking/concurrency. Reference for all subcommands and options. It does NOT include detailed tutorials, which can be found at Filespooler. Links to this note Using Filespooler Without Queues to Pass More Metadata One frustration people sometimes have with ssh or NNCP is that they’d like to pass along a lot of metadata to the receiving end. https://www.complete.org/foundations-of-python-network-programming/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/foundations-of-python-network-programming/ Foundations of Python Network Programming is now available for purchase (Amazon). This book is designed to show you everything from fundamentals of networking and low-level protocol design to work with higher-level protocols such as IMAP, HTTP, and FTP. For more information, please see the letter to the reader from the book’s back cover. This is not a basic reference like Python comes with. Rather, it’s a hands-on guide. There are over 6600 lines of example code and the text strives to show you the big picture. https://www.complete.org/free-software/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/free-software/ “Free (as in freedom) Software” is all about giving you back control of your digital life. Both Debian and the Free Software Foundation have definitions of what it means to be free; in general, it means that you must be able to: Inspect how the software works and modify it (source code access) Give away copies of the software, whether modified or not Base other software upon it, or integrate it into other projects (sometimes with the requirement that these other projects also be Free). https://www.complete.org/frs-gmrs/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/frs-gmrs/ The Family Radio Service (FRS) and General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) are both radio services available to the public in the United States and other countries. FRS requires no license at all; just buy a FRS radio and use it. FRS radios are limited to 2.5 watts on most channels, and 0.5 watts on channels 8-14. GMRS, on the other hand, requires a $35 license. There is no test involved; the person simply applies to the FCC, pays the $35 fee, and receives a license that is valid for 10 years: for them and their entire family. https://www.complete.org/gemini/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/gemini/ Gemini is a modernization of Gopher. It is an example of Small Technology. It uses its own protocol and a document format based on Markdown. It is something of a successor to Gopher. Homepage: https://geminiprotocol.net/ This site is available in Gemini; see Adventures Hosting My Site On Gemini. Links to this note Adventures Hosting My Site on Gemini Updated: 2024-07-06 Encrypted Encryption is a way to encode data so that people that might intercept it can’t decipher the original message (often called the “plaintext”). https://www.complete.org/getting-started-with-amateur-radio/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/getting-started-with-amateur-radio/ So, you may have read the material on the Why Get Involved With Amateur Radio? and are wondering how to get started. This has two main components: licensing and equipment. Getting Licensed Amateur Radio is unlike most other radio services in that you get to build your own radios, your own antennas, and operate over a wide range of frequencies. This is different than, say, a cellphone or low-power FRS walkie-talkie, where the government must approve every phone/device that is made, and these must be locked to specific frequencies. https://www.complete.org/getting-started-with-nncp/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/getting-started-with-nncp/ This page describes the basic installation and configuration of NNCP. If you aren’t already familiar with how NNCP works, I highly recommend you start with NNCP Concepts. This is a companion to, and often a parallel of, the Workflow section of the NNCP manual. Installation Main documentation: NNCP Manual: Installation Section. On that page, you can find links to packages for various operating systems. Building from source Alternatively, if you need to build it yourself, you can download a source tarball and build it from source. https://www.complete.org/git/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/git/ A distributed version control system. With gitsync-nncp, can be used over Asynchronous Communication. Links to this note Gitsync-Nncp gitsync-nncp is a tool for using Asynchronous Communication tools such as NNCP or Filespooler, or even (with some more work) Syncthing to synchronize git repositories. Many-to-One With Filespooler Since Filespooler is an ordered queue processor by default, it normally insists on a tight mapping between the sequence numbers in job files and execution order in a queue. https://www.complete.org/gitsync-nncp/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/gitsync-nncp/ gitsync-nncp is a tool for using Asynchronous Communication tools such as NNCP or Filespooler, or even (with some more work) Syncthing to synchronize git repositories. Homepage: https://salsa.debian.org/jgoerzen/gitsync-nncp The homepage contains information on using gitsync-nncp over NNCP. You can also see: gitsync-nncp over Filespooler Links to this note Git A distributed version control system. With gitsync-nncp, can be used over Asynchronous Communication. Gitsync-Nncp over Filespooler You can use gitsync-nncp (a tool for Asynchronous syncing of git repositories) atop Filespooler. https://www.complete.org/gitsync-nncp-over-filespooler/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/gitsync-nncp-over-filespooler/ You can use gitsync-nncp (a tool for Asynchronous syncing of git repositories) atop Filespooler. This page shows how. Please consult the links in this paragraph for background on gitsync-nncp and Filespooler. Basics How you will set up Filespooler depends, of course, on what kind of transport you are using. These examples assume a directory synchronization as with, for instance, Using Filespooler over Syncthing. Of course, other transports are available. There are two things to consider with gitsync-nncp: sending and receiving. https://www.complete.org/gnupg-gpg/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/gnupg-gpg/ GnuPG (also known by its command name, gpg) is a tool primarily for public key Encryption and cryptographic authentication. Homepage: https://www.gnupg.org There is a lot of material about GnuPG out there, so I won’t be duplicating it all here. But, I do have some more unique contributions for those familiar with GnuPG: There are alternatives to gpg/gpgv that may be useful in some cases: Age (Encryption) for encryption and signify for authentication. https://www.complete.org/gopher/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/gopher/ Gopher is an interactive Internet browser. It is something of a successor to FTP and predecessor to the Web. Gopher had a brief moment of popularity in the early 1990s, but was eclipsed within a few years by the web. Gopher’s chief innovation was presenting menus that could refer to content across many different servers. This was a contrast to systems of the time, such as FTP or telnet, that had no programmatic way to point to content elsewhere, and made it cumbersome to switch to alternative servers. https://www.complete.org/guidelines-for-writing-to-filespooler-queues-without-using-filespooler/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/guidelines-for-writing-to-filespooler-queues-without-using-filespooler/ Filespooler provides the fspl queue-write command to easily add files to a queue. However, the design of Filespooler intentionally makes it easy to add files to the queue by some other command. For instance, Using Filespooler over Syncthing has Syncthing do the final write, the nncp-file (but not the nncp-exec) method in Using Filespooler over NNCP had NNCP do it, and so forth. This page documents the requirements for a tool to write to the Filespooler queue. https://www.complete.org/handling-filespooler-command-output/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/handling-filespooler-command-output/ By default, Filespooler doesn’t do anything special with the output from the commands that fspl queue-process executes. If they write to stdout or stderr, you’ll see this on the controlling terminal or wherever you have piped or redirected it. Since fspl queue-process, by default, will process as many jobs as it can with each invocation, this may result in the output from multiple jobs being concatenated together. In some cases, this may be undesirable. https://www.complete.org/haskell/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/haskell/ A language that slices and dices functions with the same ease that Perl does strings. Links to this note Real World Haskell This book is an easy-to-use, fast-moving tutorial introduces you to functional programming with Haskell. You’ll learn how to use Haskell in a variety of practical ways, from short scripts to large and demanding applications. John Goerzen’s Publications Here is information on papers, documentation, and publications written by John Goerzen. https://www.complete.org/how-gapped-is-your-air/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/how-gapped-is-your-air/ Sometimes we want better-than-firewall security for things. For instance: An industrial control system for a municipal water-treatment plant should never have data come in or out Or, a variant of the industrial control system: it should only permit telemetry and monitoring data out, and nothing else in or out A system dedicated to keeping your GPG private keys secure should only have material to sign (or decrypt) come in, and signatures (or decrypted data) go out A system keeping your tax records should normally only have new records go in, but may on occasion have data go out (eg, to print a copy of an old record) In this article, I’ll talk about the “high side” (the high-security or high-sensitivity systems) and the “low side” (the lower-sensitivity or general-purpose systems). https://www.complete.org/how-the-attention-economy-hurts-you-via-social-media-sites-like-facebook/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/how-the-attention-economy-hurts-you-via-social-media-sites-like-facebook/ This was originally published as a post on my blog. This version is intended to be kept up-to-date with developments, and is edited from the original. There is a whole science to manipulating our attention. And because there is a lot of money to be made by doing this well, it means we all encounter attempts to manipulate what we pay attention to each day. What is this, and how is it harmful? https://www.complete.org/how-this-site-is-built/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/how-this-site-is-built/ This site is built for modern clients using Small Technology. It is served from static files, which are themselves small. It should make no references to any resources from other servers, which helps protect the Privacy of visitors. It is available on both the small web and Gemini. Each page on this site starts as an org-roam note. org-roam helps highlight, make, and maintain links between related concepts, and you will no doubt notice many, many links here. https://www.complete.org/how-to-join-the-fediverse-and-cast-off-the-attention-economy/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/how-to-join-the-fediverse-and-cast-off-the-attention-economy/ This started as a post on my blog. This edited version is intended to be kept more up-to-date. In How the Attention Economy Hurts You Via Social Media Sites Like Facebook, I wrote about how the Attention Economy in use at big Social Media networks hurts you. In this post, I’m going to suggest what to do about it. Mastodon and the Fediverse When you use Email, you can send a message from an account at Google to one at Yahoo, Microsoft, or any of millions of businesses and organizations running their own mail server. https://www.complete.org/how-to-run-an-internet-kermit-server/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/how-to-run-an-internet-kermit-server/ This page will describe how to run an Internet Kermit server, like the quux.org Kermit Server that was featured in my article Try the Last Internet Kermit Server. I am basing this on the ckermit package in Debian. But these concepts should be broadly applicable to any system. The Internet Kermit Server is known as IKSD. It listens on a TCP port, 1649 by default. This is only one way to access a remote Kermit. https://www.complete.org/how-to-travel-by-amtrak/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/how-to-travel-by-amtrak/ Introduction Traveling by rail can be a fun, rewarding, exciting, and inexpensive experience. There are lots of Reasons to Travel by Rail. But it’s different in many ways from air or car travel. Read on to learn all about your trip. In the United States, traveling between cities almost always means taking an Amtrak train. Amtrak is the nation’s passenger rail service that began in the early 1970s. Amtrak operates a wide variety of services: small connection trains, long trains that cross the continent, commuter trains in California and the northeast, and the fast Acela trains in the Northeast. https://www.complete.org/ideas-for-nncp-projects/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/ideas-for-nncp-projects/ I sometimes see people read about NNCP and wonder “This sounds great! But… what can I do with it?” This page aims to answer those questions. Either before or after reading this page, you might find these three pages useful: NNCP NNCP Concepts Getting Started with NNCP Asynchronous Communication A Quick Word on Background NNCP frees you from the tyranny of online. Compared to something like ssh, with NNCP, you trade latency for reliability and flexibility. https://www.complete.org/index.html Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/index.html Welcome to complete.org! Complete.Org is a personal project managed since 1994 by John Goerzen. Here you can find: John Goerzen’s Projects John Goerzen’s homepage, including blog and contact information, as well as books, papers, and publications and software My Github page, including much of my code and Git repositories quux.org – access via Gopher or HTTP Some potentially Interesting Topics. This site is fundamentally a set of linked notes on topics; see How this site is built. https://www.complete.org/installing-debian-backports-on-raspberry-pi/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/installing-debian-backports-on-raspberry-pi/ This page is intended to describe how to run Debian’s backports on a Raspberry Pi running Raspberry Pi OS (Raspbian). This page is not relevant if you are directly running Debian on a Raspberry Pi. It is only for those running the default Raspberry Pi OS. Backports is Debian’s way of building newer packages for its stable releases. I intend this page specifically to help people run the Debian packages for NNCP and Yggdrasil, both of which are maintained by me, John Goerzen. https://www.complete.org/installing-debian-with-zfs/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/installing-debian-with-zfs/ This page is outdated. Direct install See https://github.com/zfsonlinux/pkg-zfs/wiki/HOWTO-install-Debian-GNU-Linux-to-a-Native-ZFS-Root-Filesystem Install and Convert FIXME: add more detail To install Debian from scratch with ZFS, the basic steps are: Install a base system the normal way, or from my ZFS Rescue Disc. Convert it to ZFS See also ZFS on Linux Links to this note ZFS Rescue Disc This page may be dated. In particular, ZFS can now be installed atop the Debian live CD images. https://www.complete.org/interesting-topics/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/interesting-topics/ Here are some (potentially) interesting topics you can find here: Old and Small Technology and benefits to us today NNCP, which is an Asynchronous, Encrypted, onion-routed, offline-capable way to send data and execute remote commands. Yggdrasil, a network using IPv6 space where IPs are linked to public keys How this site is built (hint: it’s exported from Emacs!) Amateur Radio ZFS on Linux Long-Distance Train Travel in the USA The Grumpy Cricket - an interactive fiction game for children Some longer articles related to many of the topics discussed here: https://www.complete.org/introduction-to-amateur-radio/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/introduction-to-amateur-radio/ Amateur Radio really a very interesting hobby. It is the most versatile radio service available in many ways. Users of amateur radio get to choose their own radios and antennas, and can even design and build these things themselves if they like. They can operate with a surprising amount of power in many situations, and can work with all sorts of modes including CW (morse code), voice, and digital. Most other types of radio restrict people to only government-approved radios, certain specific channels, etc. https://www.complete.org/introduction-to-filespooler/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/introduction-to-filespooler/ It seems that lately I’ve written several shell implementations of a simple queue that enforces ordered execution of jobs that may arrive out of order. After writing this for the nth time in bash, I decided it was time to do it properly. But first, a word on the why of it all. Why did I bother? My needs arose primarily from handling Backups over Asynchronous Communication methods - in this case, NNCP. https://www.complete.org/isolating-data-from-your-own-processes-with-linux-namespaces/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/isolating-data-from-your-own-processes-with-linux-namespaces/ Back in my 2019 article “The Desktop Security Nightmare”, I noted that on most of our desktops, we don’t have good control of what data a program can access and when. I noted that we have things like AppArmor, which is something, but not the entire picture. SELinux is so extremely complicated that even Ted T’so had a comment about never getting some of his life back. I don’t like complexity, especially when it comes to security. https://www.complete.org/john-goerzen/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/john-goerzen/ I am a programmer, manager, hobbyist, advocate, volunteer, dad, and nature lover. I live out on an old farmstead in rural Kansas that once belonged to my grandparents. The nearest paved road is about 3 miles away, and the nearest town (population 600) is 7 miles away. I have three incredible children, which I might occasionally mention on my blog. I am the manager of www.complete.org and quux.org. Social & Contacts I write a lot on my blog. https://www.complete.org/john-goerzen-s-legacy-projects/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/john-goerzen-s-legacy-projects/ John Goerzen’s Legacy Projects Please see the list of current software and the caveats about the below table on the main software index page. This table was last updated in January 2006, even though it was likely very dated by then already. Program Language Description Links Debian From Scratch (DFS) Haskell A bootable CD-ROM containing one of the most powerful Linux rescue environments ever as well as a system for installing any of four versions of Debian onto a disk. https://www.complete.org/john-goerzen-s-openpgp-public-key/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/john-goerzen-s-openpgp-public-key/ You can use these if you’d like to send John Goerzen an email or verify my signature. 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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1,SHA256 Tuesday, July 20, 2010 I have recently set up a new OpenPGP key, and will transition away from the old one. https://www.complete.org/john-goerzen-s-publications/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/john-goerzen-s-publications/ Here is information on papers, documentation, and publications written by John Goerzen. Books - As Author I’ve written several books: Real World Haskell The most comprehensive book in existence on using Haskell, an advanced purely functional programming language, to quickly solve everyday problems. As usual with books I’m involved with, it’s loaded with source code and examples. More info: My Real World Haskell page Homepage: http://www.realworldhaskell.org/ Publisher: O’Reilly Pages: 700+ ISBN: 0596514980; Amazon page Publication Date: November 2008 Authors: John Goerzen, Bryan O’Sullivan, Donald Stewart Foundations of Python Network Programming This book is a comprehensive guide to writing networked programs in Python. https://www.complete.org/john-goerzen-s-software/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/john-goerzen-s-software/ This page gives you references to software by John Goerzen. I once tried to list every software project I made significant contributions to on this page. By January 2006, I had more than 40 items listed on this page, and it was missing quite a few. So instead of trying to provide a full list here, I will instead try to provide you with links to find my software yourself. https://www.complete.org/kansas/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/kansas/ noun: A beautiful place of sunflowers, rolling hills, and amazing sunsets. A great place to go when you want to go to a place most other people don’t want to go to. Home of one of the country’s most boring highways (I-70) A place where people tend to be real. Links to this note Kansas Amateur Radio Amateur Radio in Kansas John Goerzen I am a programmer, manager, hobbyist, advocate, volunteer, dad, and nature lover. https://www.complete.org/kansas-amateur-radio/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/kansas-amateur-radio/ Amateur Radio in Kansas Repeaters The official list of coordinated repeaters in Kansas from the Kansas Repeater Council. K-LINK large repeater system: Repeater Frequency List Coverage maps: 2m and 440 MHz K0HAM/NEKSUN Repeater Builder’s Group: NE KS Linked repeater system along I-35 from Eldorado to KC and on I-70 from Manhattan to Aullville, MO totaling 38 repeaters throughout the midwest. It covers 5m through 70cm frequencies. Matfield Green, 147.045 PL88.5 is closest to Wichita, followed by Emporia 146. https://www.complete.org/kermit/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/kermit/ Kermit is one of those things I’m fond of that’s really hard to describe. It is: A file transfer protocol for running over serial lines, Modems, or TCP/IP. The protocol is quite flexible, supporting everything from tiny embedded devices with 90-byte packets to streaming over ssh. A FTP- or SFTP-like system-agnostic protocol for looking at directories of files on remote systems, renaming files, deleting them, etc. with a standard process. Capable of operating under extremely challenging conditions, including 7-bit connections and connections that otherwise “eat” certain characters. https://www.complete.org/kiwix-and-zim-files/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/kiwix-and-zim-files/ This note does not have a description yet. Links to this note Ideas for NNCP Projects I sometimes see people read about NNCP and wonder “This sounds great! But… what can I do with it?” This page aims to answer those questions. https://www.complete.org/legacy-complete-org-mailing-lists/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/legacy-complete-org-mailing-lists/ For 14 years, from 1995 to 2009, Complete.Org (managed by John Goerzen) has hosted various mailing lists. As of October 2009, no mailing lists are hosted here any longer. Here you will find a reference to help you find current information about the projects that were once here. This includes only public lists; ones that were not publicly advertised for internal communications of organizations and the like are not listed here. https://www.complete.org/linux/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/linux/ The world’s most popular Free Software operating system, the foundation of Debian, and foundation of much of today’s Internet. Links to this note Isolating Data from Your Own Processes With Linux Namespaces Back in my 2019 article “The Desktop Security Nightmare”, I noted that on most of our desktops, we don’t have good control of what data a program can access and when. Android A mobile phone operating system based on the Linux kernel. https://www.complete.org/linux-amateur-radio/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/linux-amateur-radio/ Here is a collection of tips for using Amateur Radio on Linux. Pages Here Linux Packet Radio Voice on the SignaLink USB with Linux Includes a section on automatic CQ calling for contests, which is for a SignaLink USB, but could be easily adapted for other devices Mailing Lists (Hams appear to call these “reflectors”) linux-hams, the primary general mailing list for Linux ham discussion. Readers are generally fairly knowledgeable about Linux technically. https://www.complete.org/linux-packet-radio/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/linux-packet-radio/ Before proceeding, start with the Packet Radio page. Linux has the world’s best support for packet radio built right into the operating system. AX.25, NET/ROM, and ROSE are all directly supported in the Linux kernel. There is also substantial userland support for packet. Getting Started Guides There are some HOWTOs out there about getting started. Here are some links: Configuring Linux AX.25 – a very useful site Linux Amateur Radio AX. https://www.complete.org/linux-programming-bible/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/linux-programming-bible/ How can you find the size of a file? How can you write an Internet web server? How can you add a GUI to your programs? Why is it important to synchronize data between programs, and how do you do it? All of these questions and more are answered by the Linux Programming Bible. The Linux Programming Bible (Amazon link) is the first and only comprehensive book that takes an in-depth look at programming in Linux. https://www.complete.org/live-migrating-from-raspberry-pi-os-bullseye-to-debian-bookworm/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/live-migrating-from-raspberry-pi-os-bullseye-to-debian-bookworm/ I’ve been getting annoyed with Raspberry Pi OS (Raspbian) for years now. It’s a fork of Debian, but manages to omit some of the most useful things. So I’ve decided to migrate all of my Pis to run pure Debian. These are my reasons: Raspberry Pi OS has, for years now, specified that there is no upgrade path. That is, to get to a newer major release, it’s a reinstall. While I have sometimes worked around this, for a device that is frequently installed in hard-to-reach locations, this is even more important than usual. https://www.complete.org/long-distance-train-travel-in-the-usa/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/long-distance-train-travel-in-the-usa/ Train travel is a modern, fun, and fast way to travel all across the United States and the world. Here you can learn all about it. This page links you to information all about the nation’s cross-country passenger railroad, Amtrak. Why Take the Train? Did you know that it can be faster than air travel in some areas, offers one-of-a-kind scenery in others, and is usually surprisingly inexpensive? Amtrak On-Board Experience The experience on the train: what you’ll see, dining options, types of seats or private rooms, etc. https://www.complete.org/lora/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/lora/ LoRa radios are very long-range (multiple miles/km) using small antennas and very low power. In exchange for this, they give up speed; the longest-range LoRa modes operate at only around 300bps. My lorapipe program aims to provide some nice Unixy interfaces to LoRa. See also XBee SX; those radios are similar, but offer hardware meshing and some additional nice properties. I have written quite a bit about LoRa; see my blog series about LoRa. https://www.complete.org/maintaining-nncp/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/maintaining-nncp/ The care and feeding of an NNCP installation. NNCP needs little care, but it there are a few things that can help. NNCP’s administration page is a good place to read about this. My Debian packages do some of this for you, and provide examples for much of the rest as well. Rotate the log file NNCP has a log file, which by default is under the spool directory (/var/spool/nncp by default). https://www.complete.org/managing-zfs-zvol-permissions-with-udev/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/managing-zfs-zvol-permissions-with-udev/ This page may be outdated. There is something of a FAQ on how to make the permissions of a ZFS on Linux volume (zvol) stick. In particular, the user and group (uid and gid) of the owner. When using ZFS on Linux, we can make this work by using udev. udev puts out less information about these than about most others, but we can figure it out anyhow. There is a file /lib/udev/rules. https://www.complete.org/many-to-one-with-filespooler/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/many-to-one-with-filespooler/ Since Filespooler is an ordered queue processor by default, it normally insists on a tight mapping between the sequence numbers in job files and execution order in a queue. This poses challenges when you want to send data from multiple sources to a single destination. There are two main strategies for doing this: On the receiving side, maintain a separate queue for each origin. This is quite easy to do, since Filespooler queues are very lightweight. https://www.complete.org/mastodon/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/mastodon/ Mastodon is a Free Software, decentralized, global Social Media network. Unlike the other major ones, it is not a part of the Attention Economy, and generally has no ads. In How to Join the Fediverse and Cast Off the Attention Economy, I write about how to get started with Mastodon and why it makes sense. Mastodon and other projects that use ActivityPub for federation are said to form the Fediverse. https://www.complete.org/mesh-network/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/mesh-network/ A network in which the nodes typically discover each other and the routes between each other automatically. Examples of mesh networks include Yggdrasil, Meshtastic, and Syncthing. A basic description of mesh networking is at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_networking Some of my articles about mesh networking include: Easily Accessing All Your Stuff with a Zero-Trust Mesh VPN, which discusses different types of meshes as VPNs. Using Yggdrasil As an Automatic Mesh Fabric to Connect All Your Docker Containers, VMs, and Servers goes over making a mesh network as a communications plane for Docker containers. https://www.complete.org/meshtastic/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/meshtastic/ Meshtastic is a Mesh Network consisting of low-power, long-range (many miles/km), small communicators. These are little battery-powered boxes that can optionally link to a phone with Bluetooth or Wifi. The communicators form an automatic mesh and can share text messages or GPS coordinates. All traffic on meshtastic is end-to-end Encrypted. Meshtastic is based on LoRa radios. Sites: https://meshtastic.org/, https://meshtastic.letstalkthis.com/. Austin Mesh is an organization in Austin, TX, that runs a citywide Meshtastic mesh. https://www.complete.org/modem/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/modem/ The old sense of the word “modem” in computing referred to a device that would let two computers communicate over telephone lines. It was quite slow and unreliable by modern standards. Nowadays, the term is more broad. For stories about modems, see The PC & Internet Revolution in Rural America. Things that use modems include UUCP and Kermit. Links to this note Try the Last Internet Kermit Server What is this mysterious protocol? https://www.complete.org/modern-clients-with-fbb/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/modern-clients-with-fbb/ Packet BBSs like FBB (Packet BBS) work great for what they’re intended to do: provide access to messaging within a low-bandwidth environment. They, however, don’t do a good job of things such as tracking what bulletins you’ve already read. The tips on this page are premised on the notion that both packet P-mail (“private” mail) and bulletins bear strong resemblance to standard Internet RFC2822-format email. I (John Goerzen) have set up systems so that I can use standard mail clients like mutt and Thunderbird with packet mail and BBSs. https://www.complete.org/morse-code/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/morse-code/ Note: this page is a few years out of date, but the concepts, ideas, and reasoning should remain relevant. Why Morse Code? If you have spent even a small amount of time listening to the HF Amateur Radio bands, you’ll hear a lot of Morse Code activity towards the bottom end of them. This is a unique mode in that it’s the only widespread digital mode that can be copied directly by humans (and, to a certain extent, also by computers; it can certainly be generated by computers quite easily. https://www.complete.org/n0kta-packet-radio-node/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/n0kta-packet-radio-node/ N0KTA is the Wichita, KS node; see Central Kansas Packet Radio for more information on getting started with systems in the area. This node runs a Kantronics TNC, and will be fairly typical of such nodes that you may see. It could be a useful example even if you aren’t in Kansas. Connecting To connect to this node, you will tell your TNC to connect to KSMLV. Most TNCs will do this with the command C KSMLV – the C is short for CONNECT. https://www.complete.org/nncp/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/nncp/ What is NNCP? NNCP lets you securely send files, or request remote execution, between systems. It uses asynchronous communication, so the source and destination need never be online simultaneously. NNCP can route requests via intermediate devices – other NNCP nodes, USB sticks, tapes, radios, phones, cloud services, whatever – leading to a network that is highly resilient and flexible. NNCP makes it much easier to communicate with devices that lack Internet connectivity, or have poor Internet. https://www.complete.org/nncp-concepts/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/nncp-concepts/ This page describes some basic concepts of NNCP. What NNCP can do NNCP is a versatile communications layer; think of it as an Asynchronous Communication version of ssh. See my NNCP page for ideas and links. NNCP can effectively route over anything from AWS instances to USB sticks and CD-Rs, and supports file transport and remote execution. Everything in NNCP is protected by end-to-end encryption and good security. A key property of an NNCP network is that the two endpoints of communication need not be online simultaneously. https://www.complete.org/nncp-in-docker/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/nncp-in-docker/ I (John Goerzen) have provided a Docker image for NNCP. See: https://salsa.debian.org/jgoerzen/docker-nncp for details. Links to this note NNCP NNCP lets you securely send files, or request remote execution, between systems. It uses asynchronous communication, so the source and destination need never be online simultaneously. NNCP can route requests via intermediate devices – other NNCP nodes, USB sticks, tapes, radios, phones, cloud services, whatever – leading to a network that is highly resilient and flexible. https://www.complete.org/nncp-on-android/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/nncp-on-android/ To use NNCP on Android, we need a way to build and run it. The easiest option for that is Termux. Begin by installing Termux. Then, install Go: pkg install golang Now, download NNCP. For instance: curl -O https://nncp.mirrors.quux.org/download/nncp-8.7.0.tar.xz Find more recent releases at the NNCP tarballs page. Also, at this point it would be good to verify the signature and sha256sum. Now, unpack it: tar -xvf nncp-8.7.0.tar.xz Now, compile and install: https://www.complete.org/nncp-over-yggdrasil/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/nncp-over-yggdrasil/ NNCP can be run over Yggdrasil in two ways: By using the standard Yggdrasil stack you may have already installed on a system; By using the Yggdrasil node built in to NNCP. The two are interchangeable. You might use option 1 if: You already have Yggdrasil on your system and don’t want to make it more complicated You want the greatest control over Yggdrasil You don’t want your peer to be dependent on NNCP to stay up You might use option 2 if: https://www.complete.org/nncpnet-email-network/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/nncpnet-email-network/ The NNCPNET email network is a peer-to-peer, encrypted Email network based on NNCP. It routes across the quux.org NNCP public relay by default. It is a full-featured email system that doesn’t require Internet connectivity, though by default it routes across the Internet. It doesn’t require a public IP, DNS tricks, or port forwarding. For more, see: Homepage: https://salsa.debian.org/jgoerzen/docker-nncpnet-mailnode/-/wikis/home Links to this note Email Email is one of the most common examples of Asynchronous Communication people are familiar with today. https://www.complete.org/old-and-small-technology/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/old-and-small-technology/ Old technology is any tech that’s, well… old. Small technology is any tech that has a small footprint: doesn’t require a powerful machine to run, doesn’t have a lot of bloat, doesn’t have anti-features like spyware and tracking. Technology that is old enough is almost always small because, by modern standards, that’s all that was possible back then. Some small tech is old, some is modern. Embedded systems are an example of modern small tech development in many cases. https://www.complete.org/one-to-many-with-filespooler/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/one-to-many-with-filespooler/ In some cases, you may want to use Filespooler to send the data from one machine to many others. An example of this could be using gitsync-nncp over Filespooler where you would like to propagate the changes to many computers. This setup is quite easy with Filespooler. All you need to do is transport the queue files to each destination. I use NNCP’s multicast areas support (see Using Filespooler over NNCP for details about NNCP with Filespooler) for this, but you could really use any transport. https://www.complete.org/org-mode/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/org-mode/ org-mode is a toolkit for you to organize things. It is part of Emacs. Its website says: Your life in plain text: Org mode is for keeping notes, maintaining TODO lists, planning projects, and authoring documents with a fast and effective plain-text system. To highlight a few things: You can use org-mode to maintain todo lists. items can be scattered across org-mode files, contain attachments, have tags, deadlines, schedules. There is a convenient “agenda” view to show you what needs to be done. https://www.complete.org/org-roam/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/org-roam/ According to its website, org-roam is “a plain-text personal knowledge management system”. It is based on the popular Zettelkasten knowledge management system, or the Roam Research website. But because it layers atop org-mode and therefore Emacs, it has a lot of power that the others lack; for instance, integration with email and agendas. org-roam is used to build this site; see How this site is built. Homepage: https://www.orgroam.com/ Links to this note Adventures Hosting My Site on Gemini Updated: 2024-07-06 https://www.complete.org/packet-radio/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/packet-radio/ Introduction Packet radio, also known as AX.25, is a specific type of Digital Amateur Radio. Packet radio works somewhat like the Internet in that it splits communications into discrete packets, performs error checking on these packets, automatically requests retransmision of packets that arrived with errors, and thus provides a reliable and error-free communication channel. In addition, packet radio nodes (something like repeaters) can be chained together to let people hop from place to place geographically. https://www.complete.org/packet-radio-on-hf/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/packet-radio-on-hf/ Introduction Packet Radio is often used on VHF and UHF bands. It is also used on HF for longer-distance communications. You should familiarize yourself with the information on the Packet Radio page before proceeding here. Transmission Considerations The RF protocol used by packet involves tones at two different audio frequencies. For FM 1200bps, these frequencies are 1200Hz and 2200Hz – 1000Hz apart. For HF, 300bps (300 baud) is normally used, and the tones are normally 200Hz apart. https://www.complete.org/parallel-processing-of-filespooler-queues/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/parallel-processing-of-filespooler-queues/ Filespooler is designed around careful sequential processing of jobs. It doesn’t have native support for parallel processing; those tasks may be best left to the queue managers that specialize in them. However, there are some strategies you can consider to achieve something of this effect even in Filespooler. Writing into multiple queues Because Filespooler queues are so lightweight, you can easily create dozens (or thousands, whatever). You could simply have your creator system rotate through writing new jobs to each one in turn, and then kick off queue processors for each one. https://www.complete.org/photography/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/photography/ John Goerzen’s photos can be found: Flickr You might also check out my artistic set Old photos Even older photos (via archive.org) Links to this note John Goerzen I am a programmer, manager, hobbyist, advocate, volunteer, dad, and nature lover. I live out on an old farmstead in rural Kansas that once belonged to my grandparents. The nearest paved road is about 3 miles away, and the nearest town (population 600) is 7 miles away. https://www.complete.org/pilot/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/pilot/ Pilots are people that love Aviation so much that they decide it sounds like a lot of fun to take the controls of a flying tube! Links to this note Young Eagles Young Eagles is a program run by the EAA that offers free airplane rides to children ages 8-17. The Pilots involved in the program donate their time and the use of their aircraft, as well as cover all costs of the flights. https://www.complete.org/planned-obsolescence/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/planned-obsolescence/ Planned obsolescence usually refers to hardware that is designed to become obsolete sooner than necessary in order to enable the vendors to sell more units. Examples in technology include devices without replaceable batteries, operating systems that grow more compute-hungry faster than necessary, special code to make software run slower on older platforms, etc. The opposite of planned obsolesence is the long lifetime of Old and Small Technology. More at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_obsolescence https://www.complete.org/privacy/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/privacy/ “Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves, and thereby express themselves selectively.” - Wikipedia Some people may say “I have nothing to hide”, but in fact, with the vast amount of data collected on people from everyone from intelligence agencies to Google, the impact on a person from even a compromise of a Google or Facebook account can be devastating. Strangers learning about all your habits, spending, etc. https://www.complete.org/processing-filespooler-queues-without-filespooler/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/processing-filespooler-queues-without-filespooler/ All of the Filespooler examples so far have focused on using fspl queue-process to process queue items. However, you can manually process things also by having Filespooler decode the packet for you. OK, so this isn’t technically “without Filespooler” but could be “without Filespooler queues”. This can take one of several approaches: You could use fspl queue-info and fspl queue-payload to get the metadata and the payload of the queue, respectively, and process it yourself. https://www.complete.org/processing-multiple-commands-in-a-single-filespooler-queue/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/processing-multiple-commands-in-a-single-filespooler-queue/ You’ll notice that Filespooler’s fspl queue-process command takes a single command. What if you want to permit the sender to select any of several commands to run? That’s actually quite easy, because Filespooler has three ways of passing data from a sending system to the receiver: Command-line parameters Environment variables Piped input The two easiest ways to select a command are options 1 and 2. The Filespooler Reference lays out how to pass parameters and environment variables; here I will provide an example of parameters. https://www.complete.org/public-access-unix/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/public-access-unix/ Unix systems with free access available. Examples: https://tilde.club/ https://tildeverse.org/ SDF Public Access Unix Links to this note SDF Public Access Unix A Public Access Unix system, been around since the 1980s. https://www.complete.org/quux-org/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/quux-org/ What’s a quux? quux, noun: Originally, a meta-word like FOO. This word was coined by Guy Steele for precisely this purpose when he was young and naive and not yet interacting with the real hacker community. Had he known that “foo” was the standard, he would not have bothered. Many people invent such silly words; this one seems simply to have been lucky enough to have spread a little. In an eloquent display of poetic justice, it has returned to the originator in the form of a nickname as punishment for inventing this BLETCHEROUS word in the first place. https://www.complete.org/quux-org-kermit-server/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/quux-org-kermit-server/ This is a Kermit server maintained by me, John Goerzen. To the best of my knowledge, it is the only public IKSD server remaining in existence. It was established in August 2023. For a lot more background about this server, see Try the Last Internet Kermit Server. What’s here This server features a full copy of the gopher.quux.org site, as well as full mirrors of NNCP and the kermit FTP server. https://www.complete.org/quux-org-nncp-public-relay/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/quux-org-nncp-public-relay/ Introduction to NNCP According to the NNCP documentation, NNCP is intended to help build up small size ad-hoc friend-to-friend (F2F) statically routed darknet delay-tolerant networks for fire-and-forget secure reliable files, file requests, Internet Email and commands transmission. All packets are integrity checked, end-to-end Encrypted, explicitly authenticated by known participants public keys. Onion encryption is applied to relayed packets. Each node acts both as a client and server, can use push and poll behaviour model. https://www.complete.org/quux-org-usenet-nntp-and-nncp-peer/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/quux-org-usenet-nntp-and-nncp-peer/ At quux.org, I operate a heavily-peered Usenet server. It peers with others on the Internet using conventional NNTP. Moreover, I also offer partial and full Usenet over NNCP feeds. quux.org carries a full set of text newsgroups, and no binaries. Please see the detailed documentation at the Usenet over NNCP page! Links to this note Usenet over NNCP Usenet, of course, originally ran over UUCP in quite a few cases. Since NNCP is quite similar to UUCP – in fact, you can map UUCP commands to NNCP ones – it is quite possible, and not all that hard, to run Usenet over NNCP. https://www.complete.org/raspberry-pi/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/raspberry-pi/ One of several single-board computers. The Raspberry Pi is an ARM computer that typically sells for less than $50. Generally is runs a derivative of Debian. Others such as the Pine64 are less popular but even more open. Additional information Installing Debian Backports on Raspberry Pi - particularly useful for running NNCP or Yggdrasil on Raspberry Pi OS. Consider Security First discusses why I switched my Pis to Debian for security reasons. https://www.complete.org/real-world-haskell/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/real-world-haskell/ This book is an easy-to-use, fast-moving tutorial introduces you to functional programming with Haskell. You’ll learn how to use Haskell in a variety of practical ways, from short scripts to large and demanding applications. Real World Haskell won a Jolt award in March 2009. Collaborative Development Real World Haskell (RWH) was written by Bryan O’Sullivan, John Goerzen, and Don Stewart. During the writing process, it was released online in its entirety for comment by the community. https://www.complete.org/reasons-to-travel-by-rail/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/reasons-to-travel-by-rail/ Why Take the Train? There are a lot of reasons! Let’s look at them: Convenience Most passenger trains arrive and depart from the center of the city, not an airport far from anyone. Trains provide service in many small communities with no air service – and often with no good highways either. While on board a long-distance train, there is no need to worry about finding a hotel for the night or the next restroom. https://www.complete.org/recovering-our-lost-free-will-online-tools-and-techniques-that-are-available-now/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/recovering-our-lost-free-will-online-tools-and-techniques-that-are-available-now/ This started out at a post on my blog. This edited version is intended to be kept more up-to-date. As I’ve been thinking and writing about Privacy and decentralization lately, I had a conversation with a colleague this week, and he commented about how loss of privacy is related to loss of agency: that is, loss of our ability to make our own choices, pursue our own interests, and be master of our own attention. https://www.complete.org/roundup-of-data-backup-and-archiving-tools/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/roundup-of-data-backup-and-archiving-tools/ Here is a comparison of various data backup and archiving tools. For background, see my blog post in which I discuss the difference between backup and archiving. In a nutshell, backups are designed to recover from a disaster that you can fairly rapidly detect. Archives are designed to survive for many years, protecting against disaster not only impacting the original equipment but also the original person that created them. That blog post goes into a lot of detail on what makes a good backup or archiving tool. https://www.complete.org/running-an-accurate-80x25-dos-style-console-on-modern-linux/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/running-an-accurate-80x25-dos-style-console-on-modern-linux/ Here, in classic Goerzen deep dive fashion, is more information than you knew you wanted about a topic you’ve probably never thought of. I found it pretty interesting, because it took me down a rabbit hole of subsystems I’ve never worked with much and a mishmash of 1980s and 2020s tech. I had previously tried and failed to get an actual 80x25 Linux console, but I’ve since figured it out! https://www.complete.org/saving-money-on-amtrak/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/saving-money-on-amtrak/ While Amtrak is often inexpensive, there are some extra things you can do to reduce the cost of your trip. Asking Someone Knowledgeable One of the best ways to find out what discounts may apply to you is to ask an experienced travel agent (or Amtrak themselves at 1-800-USA-RAIL). Choosing Travel Dates As you plan your trip, keep in mind that the cheapest times to travel are those times when few other people travel. https://www.complete.org/sdf-public-access-unix/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/sdf-public-access-unix/ A Public Access Unix system, been around since the 1980s. Homepage: https://www.sdf.org/ NPR Article about SDF Links to this note Public Access Unix Unix systems with free access available. Examples: Using NNCP at SDF You can use NNCP at SDF Public Access Unix! https://www.complete.org/search/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/search/ https://www.complete.org/sequoia-pgp/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/sequoia-pgp/ Sequoia PGP is a Rust-based implementation of OpenPGP, aimed to be modern and secure. It is often thought of as an alternative to GnuPG (GPG). Homepage: https://sequoia-pgp.org/ Links to this note Verifying Filespooler Job Integrity Sometimes, one wants to verify the integrity and authenticity of a Filespooler job file before processing it. Encrypted Encryption is a way to encode data so that people that might intercept it can’t decipher the original message (often called the “plaintext”). https://www.complete.org/serial-tncs-in-linux/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/serial-tncs-in-linux/ This page is about using serial TNCs with Linux Packet Radio. Mostly Plug and Play For the majority of people, it appears that serial TNCs work great with Linux. Many people use kissattach to use them in KISS mode, and this seems to work just out of the box for almost everyone. It did for me (KR0L) with my Kenwood TS-2000 and standard 16550A UART on my Core 2 Quad machine. https://www.complete.org/signal-messenger/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/signal-messenger/ Signal messenger is an end-to-end Encrypted instant messaging app for phones and desktop. Among such apps, it has one of the strongest security models available. The EFF has written about Signal and how little data they can collect and divulge. My article Why You Should (Still) Use Signal As Much As Possible introduces why Signal should be used. See its homepage and download page. Links to this note Why You Should (Still) Use Signal as Much as Possible As I write this in March 2025, there is a lot of confusion about Signal messenger due to the recent news of people using Signal in government, and subsequent leaks. https://www.complete.org/signalink-usb/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/signalink-usb/ Ths SignaLink USB is a small radio interface for use with Digital Amateur Radio. It appears to your computer as a USB sound card. It has a completely isolated radio interface and is sold in various configurations with prebuilt cables for many popular rigs. It’s less than $100, which means it’s very popular. The SignaLink USB can key the PTT circuit on the rig and has an internal VOX circuit for doing so, based on the transmission from the computer. https://www.complete.org/signify/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/signify/ Signify is a toool to create and verify signatures on files. Homepage: https://github.com/aperezdc/signify As an alternative to GnuPG (GPG), it is a single-purpose tool originally designed to fill some needs at OpenBSD. It is focused solely on signatures and doesn’t do encryption or descryption. It can make for a simpler approach when that is all that’s needed. A similar tool for encryption/decryption is Age (Encryption). Links to this note Gnupg (GPG) GnuPG (also known by its command name, gpg) is a tool primarily for public key Encryption and cryptographic authentication. https://www.complete.org/sites-and-services-hosted-at-complete-org/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/sites-and-services-hosted-at-complete-org/ These sites are hosted on the complete.org server. Some are hosted with resources donated to non-profit organizations. Sites Maintained by John Goerzen https://changelog.complete.org/ - my blog https://lists.complete.org/ - archives of legacy complete.org mailing lists that were once hosted here. https://soundofhistory.complete.org/ - Sound of History podcast https://www.complete.org/ - this site, also available at <gemini://gemini.complete.org/> http://quux.org/ - Gopher and web site; see quux.org. Available at <gopher://quux.org> and <gemini://gemini.quux.org/>. Services maintained by John Goerzen quux. https://www.complete.org/small-web/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/small-web/ An effort to bring the values and benefits of Old and Small Technology to the modern Web. That is, using the existing web technologies in a way that makes the web small. The Small Technology Foundation has been working on this and describes it. Compared to Gopher and Gemini, the small web is about using existing web protocols in a small way, rather than replacing it with protocols that enforce small technology values more directly. https://www.complete.org/social-media/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/social-media/ Technology that supposedly is designed to connect people to each other. Facebook, Twitter, and maybe Youtube are examples. In reality, most commercial social media platforms seem to be causing a lot of harm; in some cases, manipulating or exploiting people psychologically for profit. They particularly exploit your attention, which is how they make money, driving the Attention Economy. Free Software alternatives such as Mastodon (and perhaps even Usenet) don’t have this incentive and, while not perfect, at least aren’t actively trying to manipulate people for profit. https://www.complete.org/software-and-operating-systems/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/software-and-operating-systems/ Info on specific software Linux Debian Wiki Software Evaluation Gopher NNCP Usenet Yggdrasil 5-Minute Git Guide ZFS on Linux Links to this note Wiki.Complete.Org (Legacy) For a number of years, this was a public wiki, but due to high volumes of spam, it hadn’t been editable for a number of years. In February 2022, the content from that site was folded into this one. https://www.complete.org/software-in-the-public-interest/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/software-in-the-public-interest/ Software in the Public Interest, Inc., is the primary legal parent organization of Debian. It is a nonprofit. Homepage: https://www.spi-inc.org/ Links to this note Debian Debian GNU/Linux is one of the oldest Linux distributions around. Some things that make it somewhat unique: John Goerzen I am a programmer, manager, hobbyist, advocate, volunteer, dad, and nature lover. I live out on an old farmstead in rural Kansas that once belonged to my grandparents. https://www.complete.org/syncthing/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/syncthing/ Syncthing is a serverless, peer-to-peer file synchronization tool. It is often compared to Dropbox. However, unlike Dropbox, there is no central server with Syncthing; your devices talk directly to each other to sync data. Syncthing has various effective methods for firewall traversal, including public relays for the worst case. All Syncthing traffic is fully encrypted and authenticated. Syncthing as an Asynchronous Mesh Syncthing actually can operate fully asynchronously. For instance, if you have a house and a shed, with a Raspberry Pi at the shed that has no Internet access, you can still sync files between them. https://www.complete.org/termux/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/termux/ Termux is a package that brings several things to Android: A terminal emulator A set of packages rebuilt for the pecularities of running as a regular user app on Android An apt-based package manager as from Debian (though this is not a Debian derivative in any other way) Termux does not require a rooted phone and is not an emulator. Programs run at native speed. Homepage: https://termux.com/ My page NNCP on Android uses Termux. https://www.complete.org/the-grumpy-cricket/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/the-grumpy-cricket/ The Grumpy Cricket (And Other Enormous Creatures) is a lighthearted interactive fiction game by John Goerzen. As interactive fiction, it’s like an e-book, but the reader is also the player, guiding the exploration of the world. The Grumpy Cricket is designed to be friendly for a first-time player of interactive fiction. There is no way to lose the game or to die. There is an in-game hint system providing context-sensitive hints anytime the reader types HINT. https://www.complete.org/the-joy-of-easy-personal-radio-frs-gmrs-and-motorola-dlr-dtr/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/the-joy-of-easy-personal-radio-frs-gmrs-and-motorola-dlr-dtr/ Most of us carry cell phones with us almost everywhere we go. So much so that we often forget not just the usefulness, but even the joy, of having our own radios. For instance: When traveling to national parks or other wilderness areas, family and friends can keep in touch even where there is no cell coverage. It is a lot faster to just push a button and start talking than it is to unlock a phone, open the phone app, select a person, wait for the call to connect, wait for the other person to answer, etc. https://www.complete.org/the-pc-internet-revolution-in-rural-america/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/the-pc-internet-revolution-in-rural-america/ Inspired by several others (such as Alex Schroeder’s post and Szczeżuja’s prompt), as well as a desire to get this down for my kids, I figure it’s time to write a bit about living through the PC and Internet revolution where I did: outside a tiny town in rural Kansas. And, as I’ve been back in that same area for the past 15 years, I reflect some on the challenges that continue to play out. https://www.complete.org/tip-jar/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/tip-jar/ If you like my software, you can send a few dollars my way. It’s completely optional, and doesn’t buy you anything; consider it a “tip jar”. Click here to tip via Paypal. You can also, if you prefer, use the Donate button on one of my projets on Github. It winds up in the same place and serves the same purpose. Links to this note John Goerzen’s Software This page gives you references to software by John Goerzen. https://www.complete.org/tools-for-communicating-offline-and-in-difficult-circumstances/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/tools-for-communicating-offline-and-in-difficult-circumstances/ When things are difficult – maybe there’s been a disaster, or an invasion (this page is being written in 2022 just after Russia invaded Ukraine), or maybe you’re just backpacking off the grid – there are tools that can help you keep in touch, or move your data around. This page aims to survey some of them, roughly in order from easiest to more complex. Simple radios Handheld radios shouldn’t be forgotten. https://www.complete.org/try-the-last-internet-kermit-server/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/try-the-last-internet-kermit-server/ $ grep kermit /etc/services kermit 1649/tcp What is this mysterious protocol? Who uses it and what is its story? This story is a winding one, beginning in 1981. Kermit is, to the best of my knowledge, the oldest actively-maintained software package with an original developer still participating. It is also a scripting language, an Internet server, a (scriptable!) SSH client, and a file transfer protocol. And my first use of it was talking to my HP-48GX calculator over a 9600bps serial link. https://www.complete.org/tunneling-nncp-over-other-transports/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/tunneling-nncp-over-other-transports/ Background NNCP has built-in support for running over TCP, with nncp-daemon and nncp-call/caller. NNCP’s own use cases page talks about various use cases for NNCP. Some of them, such as the no link page, cover use of nncp-xfer; others, such as the one-way broadcasting page go over nncp-bundle. Here I build on all of these tools (daemon, call, xfer, and bundle) to show how they can be used to build even more communication methods. https://www.complete.org/usenet/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/usenet/ Usenet is sometimes said to be the world’s oldest social network. Since 1980, Usenet has been a massive, global discussion system. Participants can read and post messages (called articles) in discussion forums (called newsgroups). Unlike web forums, Usenet newgroups are available from thousands of independently-operated servers worldwide (instead of just one particular site). You can also use the client of your choice to access them. Although it is transferred almost exclusively over the Internet using NNTP these days, in the early days, Usenet data was exchanged using UUCP, the ancestor technology of NNCP (much as rsh/telnet are ancestors to ssh). https://www.complete.org/usenet-over-nncp/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/usenet-over-nncp/ Usenet, of course, originally ran over UUCP in quite a few cases. Since NNCP is quite similar to UUCP – in fact, you can map UUCP commands to NNCP ones – it is quite possible, and not all that hard, to run Usenet over NNCP. In fact, in a number of ways, it works better than Usenet over UUCP! Introduction to NNCP According to the NNCP documentation, NNCP is intended to help build up small size ad-hoc friend-to-friend (F2F) statically routed darknet delay-tolerant networks for fire-and-forget secure reliable files, file requests, Internet mail and commands transmission. https://www.complete.org/using-filespooler-for-backups/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/using-filespooler-for-backups/ Filespooler makes an excellent tool for handling Backups. In fact, this was the case the prompted me to write it in the first place. Using Asynchronous Communication for backups has a lot of advantages. It effectively trades latency for reliability; you have a lot of confidence that the backup will actually arrive. What you often don’t have is a guarantee that backups will arrive in order. This can be a problem when dealing with incremental backups, which must be applied in order on the destination, whether they’re from ZFS, tar, dar, and so forth. https://www.complete.org/using-filespooler-over-nncp/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/using-filespooler-over-nncp/ NNCP is a powerful tool for building Asynchronous Communication networks. It features end-to-end Encryption as well as all sorts of other features; see my NNCP Concepts page for some more ideas. NNCP has two fundamental communcation types: File transfer Remote execution request You might say, “this sounds a lot like Filespooler”, and you’re right. I designed Filespooler to be a generic tool, and it was specifically designed because of some pain points I had with NNCP. https://www.complete.org/using-filespooler-over-rclone-and-s3-rsync-net-etc/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/using-filespooler-over-rclone-and-s3-rsync-net-etc/ You can use Filespooler with a number of other filesystems and storage options. s3fs, for instance, lets you mount S3 filesystems locally. I can’t possibly write about every such option, so I’ll write about one: rclone. rclone is nice because it is a unified interface to dozens of storage backends. Examples include S3, Dropbox, Nextcloud, OneDrive, Amazon Drive, SFTP, and many more. rclone can interact with these storage backends via the command line, or can mount them as with s3fs. https://www.complete.org/using-filespooler-over-syncthing/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/using-filespooler-over-syncthing/ Filespooler is a way to execute commands in strict order on a remote machine, and its communication method is by files. This is a perfect mix for Syncthing (and others, but this page is about Filespooler and Syncthing). This page also functions as a tutorial for Filespooler. While I talk about Syncthing in particular here, the instructions here apply to pretty much any directory-synchronization tool, such as Dropbox, Box, etc. All that’s required is that it meet the requirements laid out in Guidelines for Writing To Filespooler Queues Without Using Filespooler. https://www.complete.org/using-filespooler-without-queues-to-pass-more-metadata/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/using-filespooler-without-queues-to-pass-more-metadata/ One frustration people sometimes have with ssh or NNCP is that they’d like to pass along a lot of metadata to the receiving end. Both ssh and nncp-exec allow you to pass along command-line parameters, but neither of them permit passing along more than that. What if you have a whole host of data to pass? Maybe a dozen things, some of them optional? It would be very nice if you could pass along the environment. https://www.complete.org/using-gensio-and-ser2net/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/using-gensio-and-ser2net/ gensio and the related ser2net are generic tools for communication. With gensio, you can set up a sort of pipeline of communication, using sockets, files, stdin/stdout, serial lines, external programs, and so forth. It is akin to a more powerful version of socat, netcat, redir, or stunnel. Generally, with gensio and ser2net, you can: Provide services that are started from inetd, init, or systemd Convert an unpacketized link (such as a serial port) into a packetized interface Convert an unreliable packetized link (such as UDP or a gensio-packetized serial interface) into a reliable link Add encryption and authentication to any link A communication pipeline is called a “gensio stack” and is given in a string format, separated by commas. https://www.complete.org/using-nncp-at-sdf/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/using-nncp-at-sdf/ You can use NNCP at SDF Public Access Unix! Links to this note NNCP NNCP lets you securely send files, or request remote execution, between systems. It uses asynchronous communication, so the source and destination need never be online simultaneously. NNCP can route requests via intermediate devices – other NNCP nodes, USB sticks, tapes, radios, phones, cloud services, whatever – leading to a network that is highly resilient and flexible. NNCP makes it much easier to communicate with devices that lack Internet connectivity, or have poor Internet. https://www.complete.org/using-nncp-with-sudo/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/using-nncp-with-sudo/ Background We’re going to cover two different sudo situations: Running NNCP commands for an NNCP installation that runs as a different user Using sudo to facilitate communications between two different NNCP installations on a system, running as different users Interacting with NNCP that’s running as a different user Sometimes, the NNCP commands run as a different user than your day-to-day user. Perhaps you would like to be able to use them with sudo, both for sending and receiving. https://www.complete.org/using-the-kenwood-th-d72a-with-pc-aprs-software/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/using-the-kenwood-th-d72a-with-pc-aprs-software/ Background The TH-D72A is a very nice handheld Amateur Radio Transceiver. Among other things, it has an integrated GPS, built-in APRS functionality, full AX.25 Packet Radio TNC, and a USB port (which shows up as a serial device) to a computer – all built in. While it is perfectly useful in a standalone configuration, sometimes the larger screen and full keyboard of a real computer are beneficial. Software such as Xastir can present APRS information on a map. https://www.complete.org/using-yggdrasil-as-an-automatic-mesh-fabric-to-connect-all-your-docker-containers-vms-and-servers/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/using-yggdrasil-as-an-automatic-mesh-fabric-to-connect-all-your-docker-containers-vms-and-servers/ An older version of this is also available on my blog. Sometimes you might want to run Docker containers on more than one host. Maybe you want to run some at one hosting facility, some at another, and so forth. Maybe you’d like run VMs at various places, and let them talk to Docker containers and bare metal servers wherever they are. And maybe you’d like to be able to easily migrate any of these from one provider to another. https://www.complete.org/uucp/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/uucp/ UUCP is a system for exchanging data and requesting remote execution. It dates back to 1979, and was primarily used over Modems using telephone landlines for most of its days of popularity. It is an Asynchronous Communication system, which transmits data from one machine to the next on the way to its destination. Each intermediate node may store the data before passing it on to the next. Before dedicated Internet lines were widely available, UUCP was used to send Usenet and Email messages. https://www.complete.org/verifying-filespooler-job-integrity/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/verifying-filespooler-job-integrity/ Sometimes, one wants to verify the integrity and authenticity of a Filespooler job file before processing it. This poses a particular challenge, because most of these verification tools (including GnuPG (GPG) have a weakness: even though some of them can work in a pipe, most of them are not able to establish whether the data was authentic or not until they have processed the entire file. So even when Filespooler may only want to read 100 bytes to get to the header, the verifier may emit that data without having validated it. https://www.complete.org/voice-on-the-signalink-usb-with-linux/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/voice-on-the-signalink-usb-with-linux/ Voice Keying with a SignaLink USB on Linux I (John Goerzen / KR0L) wanted to use my SignaLink USB for voice keying during contests and the like. I use Linux for Amateur Radio, and so a natural thought would be using shell scripts for this. As I explained on the SignaLink USB page, one solution to this problem is to mix in a 21000Hz tone into a 44100Hz 16-bit file. I got tired of doing that manually, so I now do it automatically. https://www.complete.org/what-to-bring-on-board-amtrak/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/what-to-bring-on-board-amtrak/ Introduction This page discusses what you might want to bring with you when you travel on Amtrak. Don’t Overpack The first suggestion is: don’t overpack. It’s easy to think you need to overpack. You might be thinking you’ll spend 12 hours on a train, or 36 hours on a train, and think you need to bring 36 hours of entertainment. It’s easy to think along those lines. But that would be forgetting the unique options on the train: eating in the dining car, watching passing scenery or a movie in the lounge car, taking a nap at your seat or in your room, or sleeping overnight. https://www.complete.org/why-get-involved-with-amateur-radio/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/why-get-involved-with-amateur-radio/ I am frequently asked, “Why bother with radios? Don’t you have cellphones? VOIP? Skype?” And, well, yes I do have those things. But there are still plenty of reasons to get involved in Amateur Radio. I used to think the above things, too, and am really kicking myself that I didn’t give it more serious thought until 2010. I eventually realized that the above question was framing it the wrong way. https://www.complete.org/why-you-should-still-use-signal-as-much-as-possible/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/why-you-should-still-use-signal-as-much-as-possible/ As I write this in March 2025, there is a lot of confusion about Signal messenger due to the recent news of people using Signal in government, and subsequent leaks. The short version is: there was no problem with Signal here. People were using it because they understood it to be secure, not the other way around. Both the government and the Electronic Frontier Foundation recommend people use Signal. This is an unusual alliance, and in the case of the government, was prompted because it understood other countries had a persistent attack against American telephone companies and SMS traffic. https://www.complete.org/wiki-software-evaluation/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/wiki-software-evaluation/ This data was from 2008-2015 and may be out of date. Notes from John Goerzen’s thoughts about various wiki engines. Desired Features List Newbie friendly - make it easy for people to read and contribute Nice-looking, inviting themes GUI (pseudo-WYSIWYG editor) Intuitive use and language Power user friendly Markup language that is sensible Good management features for searching, renaming, copying, etc. RSS feeds and email subscriptions for individual pages or entire wiki Lists of wanted (pages that are linked to but don’t exist) and orphaned (pages that nothing link to) pages List of backlinks Administrator friendly https://www.complete.org/wiki-complete-org-legacy/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/wiki-complete-org-legacy/ For a number of years, this was a public wiki, but due to high volumes of spam, it hadn’t been editable for a number of years. In February 2022, the content from that site was folded into this one. You can find the relevant content under: Amateur Radio Software and Operating Systems Links to this note Sites and Services Hosted at Complete.Org These sites are hosted on the complete.org server. Some are hosted with resources donated to non-profit organizations. https://www.complete.org/winlink-2000-and-aprs/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/winlink-2000-and-aprs/ WinLink 2000 is generally designed for HF communication, but they have a nice APRS gateway as well, enabling short messages to be sent to and from email accounts from APRS users. Links to this note Amateur Radio Amateur radio is a radio service in which people are allowed and encouraged to build their own radios, antennas, and so forth. It can be used to communicate all around the globe without any intervening infrastructure such as satellites or cables. https://www.complete.org/xbee-sx/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/xbee-sx/ XBee SX radios are very long-range (multiple miles/km) using small antennas and low power. They are typically faster than the similar LoRa technology, though sacrificing some distance. My xbnet program provides a nice Unixy interface to XBee radios, including the ability to run TCP/IP atop them. Unlike LoRa, XBee radios offer hardware Mesh Networking as well as better collision detection, automatic retransmit, and a “transparent mode” that makes them act as a serial null-modem cable with a radio. https://www.complete.org/yggdrasil/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/yggdrasil/ Yggdrasil is a Mesh Network that is fully Encrypted and provides an IPv6 IP on the network to anyone. My blog post Make the Internet Yours Again With an Instant Mesh Network explains some of the possibilities of Yggdrasil and some of the ways that IP rigidity has served to concentrate Internet power in the hands of the very wealthy. This is one of the items discussed in Recovering Our Lost Free Will Online: Tools and Techniques That Are Available Now. https://www.complete.org/young-eagles/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/young-eagles/ Young Eagles is a program run by the EAA that offers free airplane rides to children ages 8-17. The Pilots involved in the program donate their time and the use of their aircraft, as well as cover all costs of the flights. If you would like to find a flight for a child, or are a pilot that would like to volunteer, visit https://www.youngeagles.com/. Young Eagles is an example of public benefit aviation. https://www.complete.org/zfs/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/zfs/ One of the more advanced modern filesystems with tons of features; originated on Solaris but now runs on Linux, FreeBSD, and others. See also ZFS on Linux and Backups. Links to this note Dar dar is a Backup and archiving tool. You can think of it as as more modern tar. It supports both streaming and random-access modes, supports correct incrementals (unlike GNU tar’s incremental mode), Encryption, various forms of compression, even integrated rdiff deltas. https://www.complete.org/zfs-automatic-snapshots-and-replication/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/zfs-automatic-snapshots-and-replication/ For ZFS. simplesnap - a simple and powerful cron-based network snapshot transfer tool by John Goerzen. Has a simple and secure wrapper so unfettered root access isn’t needed. Designed to work with zfSnap or other snapshot-making tools on this page. Supports multiple backup sources, targets, and target sets (such as offsite media rotation) zfs-auto-snapshot - a simple cron-based service. Different names for different snapshots, with a simple count of how many to retain. https://www.complete.org/zfs-on-linux/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/zfs-on-linux/ This is about running ZFS on Linux and Debian. Converting an existing Linux installation to ZFS ZFS Rescue Disc Installing Debian with ZFS Managing ZFS zvol permissions with udev ZFS Automatic Snapshots and Replication Links to this note ZFS Automatic Snapshots and Replication For ZFS. Managing ZFS Zvol Permissions With Udev This page may be outdated. Installing Debian With ZFS This page is outdated. ZFS Rescue Disc This page may be dated. https://www.complete.org/zfs-rescue-disc/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.complete.org/zfs-rescue-disc/ This page may be dated. In particular, ZFS can now be installed atop the Debian live CD images. This is a ISO (CD image or USB flash drive image) that is based on the debian-live rescue image, but built with Linux kernel ZFS support from the ZFS On Linux project. It includes: debian-zfs / zfsonlinux: ZFS metapackage and zfsonlinux repo signing key zfs-dkms: ZFS kernel modules, built grub-pc: GRUB with ZFS patches supporting /boot on ZFS zfs-initramfs: initramfs scripts supporting booting with a ZFS root zfsutils: command-line tools for managing ZFS filesystems It does NOT include zfs-fuse, which the upstream package may.